An Improved Connection Method for Multi-Core SoC

With rapid development of multi-core processor, the communication becomes a bottleneck increasingly. Traditional electronic connections face a serious complexity restriction. The network on chip has been a prevalent solution in the present. However using the recent technology (ultra-wide band interconnection) technology, the over-all performance including delay and throughput can achieve a new level in multi-core SOC. This paper will introduce a new solution designed for UWB-I based SOC. This solution includes multichanneling, topology design and routing etc. DOI: 10.4018/japuc.2012010105 36 International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, 4(1), 35-48, January-March 2012 Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Ultra-wideband is a radio technology which may be used at a very low energy level for shortrange, high-bandwidth communications using a large portion of the radio spectrum. Similar to spread spectrum, UWB communications transmit in a way which does not interfere with conventional narrowband and carrier wave uses in the same frequency band. Unlike spread spectrum, however, ultra-wideband does not employ frequency-hopping (FHSS). Ultra-wideband is a technology for transmitting information spread over a large bandwidth (>500 MHz); this should, in theory and under the right circumstances, be able to share spectrum with other users. Regulatory settings by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States intend to provide an efficient use of radio bandwidth while enabling high-data-rate personal area network (PAN) wireless connectivity; longerrange, low-data-rate applications; and radar and imaging systems. Ultra wideband was formerly known as “pulse radio”, but the FCC and the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) currently define UWB in terms of a transmission from an antenna for which the emitted signal bandwidth exceeds the lesser of 500 MHz or 20% of the center frequency. Thus, pulse-based systems—where each transmitted pulse occupies the UWB bandwidth (or an aggregate of at least 500 MHz of narrow-band carrier; for example, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)—can gain access to the UWB spectrum under the rules. Pulse repetition rates may be either low or very high. Pulse-based UWB radars and imaging systems tend to use low repetition rates (typically in the range of 1 to 100 megapulses per second). On the other hand, communications systems favor high repetition rates (typically in the range of one to two gigapulses per second), thus enabling short-range gigabit-per-second communications systems. Each pulse in a pulse-based UWB system occupies the entire UWB bandwidth (thus reaping the benefits of relative immunity to multipath fading, but not intersymbol interference), unlike carrier-based systems which are subject to deep fading and intersymbol interference. A valuable aspect of UWB technology is the ability for a UWB radio system to determine the “time of flight” of the transmission at various frequencies. This helps overcome multipath propagation, as at least some of the frequencies have a line-of-sight trajectory. With a cooperative symmetric two-way metering technique, distances can be measured to high resolution and accuracy by compensating for local clock drift and stochastic inaccuracy. A significant difference between conventional radio transmissions and UWB is that conventional systems transmit information by varying the power level, frequency, and/or phase of a sinusoidal wave. UWB transmissions transmit information by generating radio energy at specific time intervals and occupying a large bandwidth, thus enabling pulse-position or time modulation. The information can also be modulated on UWB signals (pulses) by encoding the polarity of the pulse, its amplitude and/or by using orthogonal pulses. UWB pulses can be sent sporadically at relatively low pulse rates to support time or position modulation, but can also be sent at rates up to the inverse of the UWB pulse bandwidth. Pulse-UWB systems have been demonstrated at channel pulse rates in excess of 1.3 gigapulses per second using a continuous stream of UWB pulses (Continuous Pulse UWB or C-UWB), supporting forward error correction encoded data rates in excess of 675 Mbit/s. Such a pulse-based UWB method (using bursts of pulses) is the basis of the IEEE 802.15.4a draft standard and working group, which has proposed UWB as an alternative PHY layer. Following ITRS projection, it is possible to build RF circuits operating at ~20GHz, achieving a data rate of ~20Gbps/band (with 1bps/Hz bandwidth efficiency) in 32nm CMOS technology. With multiple bands, the aggregate data rate can be further improved to above 1Tbps. With such scaling, the required antenna and circuit areas will scale down, dramatically reducing the cost and increasing the flexibility of on-chip wireless interconnects. Moreover, the energy 12 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/article/improved-connection-methodmulti-core/68805?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Journals, InfoSci-Journal Disciplines Communications and Social Science. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=2